Variable and Efficient Space Ultilization Type Cultivation Method

ABSTRACT

[Object] To use ecopots convertible to a regenerated compost in horticultural plant cultivation, eliminate the disturbances in fruit growth due to disturbances in oxygen feeding and due to a lack of sunshine, prevent the infection by pathogens and enable the standing and facing working position without cultivation soil tillage. 
     [Means for Solution] Ecopots  1  having a large number of holes permeable to the culture solution and air are used for disposing seeding and seedling pots or for planting seedlings and are hanged in the space in a house, a bucket  2  for collecting the drips of the culture solution is placed below each pot for collecting the residual solution to thereby prevent the infection by pathogens, and a balancing toy-like hanger  5  hanged vertically from a hook hanged movably from a shelf pole  10  in the house via a loop clutch, an ecopot hanging chain  8 , a main melon stem attracting cord  4 , a melon fruit hanging cord  11  and so forth are used to render the ecopot  9  hanged from the ecopot hanging chain  8  orientation-variable in all directions so that oxygen may be fed abundantly to the rooting zone of the horticultural plant and the plant may receive the sunshine with ease.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a cultivation system which makes it easy to feed oxygen, water and nutrients to the rooting zone of a horticultural species and vary the direction or orientation of light interception by plants under cultivation and of the stems and leaves thereof to thereby cause the plants to receive the sunshine efficiently, hence grow well, leading to improved growth of stems, leaves and fruits and, further, makes it possible to carry out control and other works in the standing and facing position to render the works much easier and improve the efficiency and according to which the cultivation materials and so forth can be utilized as regenerated medium.

BACKGROUND ART

The cultivation of melon and strawberry, which are well known as protected horticulture products, is generally carried out by direct seeding or planting of seedlings into a cultivation bed (rooting zone medium) as in the cultivation device or cultivation method described in Patent Document 1 or 2, and it is known that oxygen is fed to the roots of the plant under cultivation by cultivation soil tillage and/or the period of solar ray irradiation is prolonged as far as possible to thereby promote the growth of stems, leaves and fruits and the maturation of fruits.

In practicing such a cultivation method, the working posture required in cultivating the cultivation soil, which compels a long time of bending forward and maintaining an inefficient position, is nothing but heavy labor. Thus, there is the possibility that lumbago and other health problems due to the bending forward posture during the long time maintenance of working may arise among cultivation workers.

The technique of nutriculture which comprises circulating a culture solution to feed nutrients to the rooting zone of each plant is in use as a method for solving such problems as mentioned above. This cultivation method does not use cultivation soil but causes a culture solution to artificially circulate via artificially made grooves and the roots of plants are planted therein. Nutriculture is thus a cultivation method using no medium in the cultivation bed and, therefore, the orientation of the plant under cultivation can be varied with ease according to the direction of the sunshine, and the systematized equipment for supplementing nutrients and oxygen to the culture solution makes it unnecessary to perform tillage or weeding, and workers are released from the painful bending forward posture. However, there is a problem, namely the possibility of plants being infected by pathogens that have entered into the culture solution circulating to feed water and nutrients to the rooting zone of each plant.

According to the present invention, a culture solution feeding pipe is connected to each porous ecopot for cultivation which is hanged in a space below a shelf pole in the house, and the culture solution is thus fed to each ecopot. Thus, measures are taken to prevent infection by pathogens and isolate the ecopots from the source of infection by placing a collecting bucket below each ecopot while feeding water and nutrients and oxygen to the rooting zone of each plant through the culture solution fed to each ecopot via the piping. By employing such a variable and efficient space utilization type cultivation method, the present invention provides a novel cultivation method according to which the orientation of stems, leaves and fruits can be varied freely toward the sunshine to enrich fruits of the plant under cultivation and increase sugar accumulation therein and, at the same time, the standing and facing working posture can be realized and which has the possibility of supplying a large number of high-quality melon or strawberry to the market.

The cultivation bed of the present invention can be expected to be effective, also as a measure for alleviating the above-mentioned problems in nutriculture, in preventing infection by pathogens and isolating plants from the source of infection. An example of melon cultivation is shown in FIG. 1. The method of the present invention is a cultivation method characterized in that the medium is placed in each porous ecopot for cultivation for a long period from good seedling production to field cultivation and harvest and that the cultivation ecopots and seedling pots and other cultivation materials after use are reused as a regenerated medium.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Kokai (Laid-open) Publication H07-327514 Patent Document 2: Japanese Kokai (Laid-open) Publication H05-227848 DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems which the Invention is to Solve

The problem to be solved by the present invention is to take measures in particular in feeding water and nutrients and oxygen to the rooting zone and preventing infection by soil pathogens in a method of cultivating horticultural crops. Further, consideration is given to freely move the whole plant to secure an efficient light-intercepting geometry as a measure for securing sufficient solar radiation for the aerial part in the vigorous growing period. Namely, this means the maximum utilization of the solar energy in the period during which the photosynthesis is in progress most vigorously.

Means for Solving the Problems

The most important feature of the present invention lies in that ecopots having a large number of holes permeable to the culture solution and air are used for placing seedling pots for seeding or for planting seedlings so that oxygen, water and nutrients may be fed abundantly to the rooting zone of each horticultural plant and, at the same time, the orientation of stems and leaves may be varied to make them sufficiently receive the sunshine and that the ecopots are hanged in a space in the house and a drip of culture solution collecting bucket is placed below each cultivation ecopot to thereby prevent the other plants from being infected by pathogens and, at the same time, each cultivation ecopot is made variable in every direction for facilitating light-interception by hanging each ecopot in the vertical direction from a shelf pole in the house by means of a balancing toy-like hanger.

It is a great characteristic feature of the cultivation method of the present invention that a consistent common cultivation medium is originally produced and used for a long period from good seedling production to field cultivation and harvest.

Thus, the ecopots and other cultivation materials, which are of plant origin, after use are all finely ground, sufficiently sterilized and disinfected with high-temperature steam and supplemented with a culture solution to regenerate a compost for reuse. At the same time, the regenerated medium is supplemented with charred rice husk, bamboo charcoal, bentonite, artificial zeolite and so forth each in a small amount so that the medium may newly show a buffering action or effect and serve as a good medium material for cultivation. This is another characteristic feature of the present invention.

Furthermore, as regards the aerial part control in the present cultivation method, a technology has been developed for most efficiently utilizing the house inside space. Thus, a technology has been developed for adapting the plant to an optimum light-receiving geometry according to the plant species (including the variety etc.) and the stage of growth while taking into consideration the state of growth of the plant and the light, temperature, humidity, CO₂ concentration distribution and other conditions resulting from fluctuations in atmospheric conditions from time to time. This consists in considering how to position the pot cultivation plants in the house according to the stage of growth and the cultivation environment. Specifically, the whole plant under cultivation in each pot is geometrically varied freely upward or downward and/or to the left or to the right so that optimum growth adaptability may be obtained according to the growth period and time of cultivation. This is the primary object and greatest characteristic feature of the present cultivation method.

EFFECTS OF THE INVENTION

According to the variable and efficient space utilization type cultivation method of the present invention, each porous ecopot having good air permeability is hanged by an orientation-variable hanger hanged in turn on a shelf pole in the upper part of the house to thereby render variable the orientation of the seedling ecopot after seeding or the orientation of stems and leaves in the ecopot after planting of a seedling, whereby the pot or stems and leaves can fully receive the solar radiation. The ecopot having a large number of holes and hanged in the space can prevent pathogens such as soil cankers known as pathogens against melon from invasion and, since it has good air permeability, oxygen, water and nutrients can be fed sufficiently. A graduated bucket for culture solution collection is placed below each ecopot and, by confirming the amount of excess culture solution drips and recovering the same, it is possible to adjust the feeding amount of the culture solution while estimating the optimum growth condition of the plant under cultivation. This cultivation method is used for cultivating melon, strawberry or the like using ecopots having a large number of holes and hanged in the air, so that the whole plant in each pot is variable in position and can be freely moved according to the growth. As a result, it is no more necessary to maintain the painful half-sitting or bending forward working posture but the control operations can be performed in the standing position facing the plant under cultivation; thus, there are further advantages that the condition of growth of the crop plant can be observed and grasped sufficiently and that the workers are released from the half-sitting or bending forward posture and their physical sufferings are alleviated; this is good for their health.

The cultivation method of the present invention is excellent in workability and it is easy to transport or transfer, by means of a truck, the cultivation materials therefor to another place where the environment is optimal.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

FIG. 1 This FIGURE is a schematic representation of a cultivation apparatus in which the cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type is to be carried out; the FIGURE indicates essential parts and the sizes thereof

EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS

-   1—cultivation medium and ecopot -   2—bucket for receiving excess culture solution -   3—seedling pot -   4—main melon stem attracting cord -   5—balancing toy-like hanger -   6—hook -   7—loop clutch or swivel -   8—ecopot hanging chain -   9—pot supporting cord -   10—shelf pole -   11—melon fruit hanging cord -   12—fruit bearing lateral shoot and lateral shoot leaf blades (around     10th node of main stem) -   13—main stem of melon -   14—melon fruit -   15—main stem leaf blade

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Owing to the use of an ecopot having a large number of air-permeable holes, oxygen, water and nutrients are abundantly fed to the rooting zone of a cultivated species and the plant under cultivation can be moved with ease in response to the direction and angle of the sunshine, so that the whole stem and leaves of the plant under cultivation can make the maximum use of the sunshine energy to thereby store sugars within the plant and convert them to amino acids and proteins and send them to sites requiring them; the fruit is thus enriched and the sugar accumulation therein is increased, hence the fruit becomes high-quality one. By placing a graduated bucket for culture solution collection below the ecopot, sounder control of melon or strawberry cultivation can be achieved by confirming the amount of the culture solution collected in the bucket. Further, by freely moving each plant body, it becomes possible to conduct operations efficiently in the standing position facing the plant or fruit.

EXAMPLE 1

FIG. 1 is a front view showing an example of a melon cultivation system according to the variable and efficient space utilization type cultivation method according to the present invention, together with the sizes of the main elements of the melon cultivation system device. 1 indicates a cultivation medium and an ecopot, 2 a graduated bucket for receiving excess culture solution, 3 a seedling pot, 4 a main melon stem attracting cord, 5 a balancing toy-like hander, 6 a hook, 7 a loop clutch, 8 an ecopot hanging chain, 9 a pot supporting cord, 10 a shelf pole, 11 a melon fruit hanging cord, 12 a fruit bearing lateral shoot and lateral shoot leaf blades, 13 a main stem of melon, 14 a melon fruit around the 10th node of the main stem, and 15 a main stem leaf blade.

The cultivation ecopot 1 creates a good rooting zone environment excellent in air permeability owing to the use of the same material as the ecopot body. Oxygen, water and nutrients can be abundantly fed to the roots of the melon seedling growing in the seedling pot 3. A pipe for feeding the culture solution is provided for the cultivation ecopot 1, an appropriate amount of the culture solution sent from a culture solution tank by means of a pump is dripped into the ecopot 1 at each appropriate occasion, and the residual solution is collected in the graduated bucket 2 placed therebelow. The culture solution is dripped from time to time according to the state of growth and it is not necessary to always drip the same. Such materials for cultivation as the ecopot and seedling pot are made of a recyclable material and, when they become no longer needed, they are all finely ground, sterilized and disinfected with high-temperature steam (120-150° C.) and immersed in a culture solution for compost regeneration.

After melon seeding and seedling raising, the seedling pot 3 is set in the middle of the cultivation ecopot 1, four pot supporting cords 9 are tied to the ecopot 1, the hanging chain 8 is attached thereto via the same loop clutch as the loop clutch 7 for varying the orientation arbitrarily, and the balancing toy-like hanger 5, ecopot 1, attracting cord 4 and hanging cord 11 are all orientation-variable and are hanged from the shelf pole 10 within the house. Further, the main melon stem 13, melon fruit 14 and main melon stem leaf blades 15 are respectively hanged in a balanced manner according to the state of growth. The center of the balancing toy-like hanger is provided with the cord 4 attracting the melon main stem 13 in a twistable manner, making it possible for the hanging chain 8 and the melon fruit-hanging cord 11 to change their positions and rotate. The balance between the left and right arms of the hanger has a structure and space that enable adjustments even after growth of the melon vine to 150-170 centimeters according to the state of growth.

The explanatory drawing (FIG. 1) showing the apparatus for carrying out the present invention and the sizes of the main portions thereof schematically illustrates the method of melon cultivation. In FIG. 1, a height of about 190 centimeters is secured from the ground to the shelf pole 10 in the house, the hook 6 movable according to the growth of melon is hanged from this shelf pole 10, one end of the balancing toy-like hanger 5 suspended from the shelf pole 10 is provided with the hanging chain 8 via the loop clutch 7 and the cultivation ecopot is hanged by means of the supporting cords 9 so that the ecopot 1 about 15 centimeters in depth may be positioned in a space at a height of 25-35 centimeters from the ground. The upper end of the ecopot hanging chain 8 is hanged, via a hook, from the center of the balancing toy-like hanger 5. The upper end of the main melon stem attracting cord 4 is tied to one arm of the balancing toy-like hanger 5, the melon seedling pot 3 is set in the medium placed in the ecopot 1, and the main melon stem 13 is caused to be attracted by the attracting cord 4 successively according to the growth. The worker binds the main melon stem 13 and the upper end of the melon fruit hanging cord to the other arm of the balancing toy-like hanger 5 and operates the chain 8 according to the elongation and growth of the hanged main melon stem so that the worker can take the standing position facing the main melon stem leaf blades 15. The device is thus designed so that the worker can take such working position.

Since the orientation of the ecopot 1 which is now can be hanged with ease can be modified using the balancing toy-like hanger 5 attached to the pot hanging chain 8, the orientation of the pot can be arbitrarily changed toward the sun so that the plant may be efficiently exposed to the solar rays. The cultivation method, as a method of cultivating horticultural plants, makes it possible to operate the ground temperature and efficiently utilize the solar rays and, as a result, can achieve high yield levels and high-quality cultivation. It is an important element in high-quality melon production to achieve optimum temperature control and secure the optimum position for high levels of light intercepting efficiency. These requirements are fully satisfied by the variable and efficient space utilization type cultivation method proposed herein.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention has been accomplished primarily for melon cultivation as described in Example 1. However, it is also best suited as a cultivation method not only for melon but also for horticultural plants such as strawberry. The method is expected to lead to high-quality products through excellent growth of main stems and leaves, good fruit shape and promotion of sugar accumulation in enriched sarcocarp. On the other hand, from the standpoint of ecosystem promotion, the cultivation materials used can all be finely ground, sterilized and disinfected and supplemented with a culture solution for reuse as compost. When charred rice husk, bamboo charcoal, bentonite, artificial zeolite and so forth are added in small amounts to the thus regenerated medium, good-quality cultivation medium materials newly having a buffer effect can be regenerated.

By using this novel cultivation method in protected horticulture, farm practices become markedly easy ones, namely can be carried out in the standing and facing position, and high efficiency levels can be attained; thus, the workers can advantageously achieve cultivation control in a healthy way. In addition to these advantages, the present cultivation method can be easily introduced into greenhouses and can be expected to render cultivation control easier, reduce the operations and improve the work efficiency, making it possible to high-yield and high-quality production of horticultural crops with increased economic features; at the same time, further self-reliance of greenhouse farmers and a hopeful prospect for the future thereof can be viewed. It is hoped that the method makes it possible to provide a field of horticultural technology development to support greenhouse farmers. 

1-5. (canceled)
 6. A cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type which is characterized in that for making it easy to abundantly and continuously feed oxygen, water and nutrients to the rooting zone of a horticultural species and for exposing the main stem and leaves thereof to the sunshine sufficiently by freely varying the orientation of said main stem and leaves, a cultivation ecopot having a large number of air-permeable holes is used as a culture medium for seedling raising and after final transplanting, a culture solution is fed, by dripping, to the ecopot hanged from a balancing toy-like hanger vertically hanged from a shelf pole in the space below the shelf pole in a house, a bucket is disposed below the ecopot for receiving the drips of the excess culture solution and the orientation of the stem and leaves of the aerial part of the cultivated species is variable in all directions for ready exposure to the sunshine.
 7. A cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type as set forth in claim 6, characterized in that the balancing toy-like hanger 5 is hanged from a hook hanged from and movable on the shelf pole 10 via a loop clutch so that the orientation of the hanger can be varied by reattaching the loop clutch, a hook is hanged on the balancing toy-like hanger, the upper end of a hanging chain is tied to the middle hook, a main melon stem attracting cord 4 is tied to a hook on one arm of the balancing toy-like hanger and a melon fruit hanging cord 11 to a hook on the other arm of the hanger, pot supporting cords attached to the ecopot 1 having a large number of holes are suspended from the lower end of the hanging chain via a hook and a loop clutch so that the pot can move in a twisting manner upon reattaching the loop clutch 7 and hook 6 disposed in the above manner and the balance between the left and right of the hanger can be adjusted to provide an orientation-variable structure so that the sunshine can be intercepted with ease.
 8. A cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type which is characterized in that the cultivation ecopot and seedling pot used for containing the culture medium and other cultivation materials used for a long period of time from good-quality seedling production to cultivation and harvesting after final transplanting are all finely ground, sufficiently sterilized and disinfected with high-temperature steam and supplemented with a culture solution to give a compost, the compost is placed, as a regenerated medium, in a cultivation ecopot, the ecopot is hanged from such a balancing toy-like hanger as described in claim 6 vertically hanged from a shelf pole in the space below the shelf pole in a house, a bucket is disposed below the ecopot for receiving the drips of the excess culture solution and the orientation of the stem and leaves of the aerial part of the cultivated species is variable in all directions for ready exposure to the sunshine.
 9. A cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type which is characterized in that a good-quality cultivation material is regenerated by adding charred rice husk, bamboo charcoal, bentonite, artificial zeolite and so forth, each in a small amount, to the regenerated medium so that the latter may again show a buffering effect, a cultivation ecopot containing that cultivation material is hanged from such a balancing toy-like hanger as described in claim 6 vertically hand from a shelf pole in the space below the shelf pole in a house, a bucket is disposed below the ecopot for receiving the drips of the excess culture solution and the orientation of the stem and leaves of the aerial part of the cultivated species is variable in all directions for ready exposure to the sunshine.
 10. A cultivation method of a variable and efficient space utilization type which is characterized in that the finely ground cultivation ecopot, seedling pot and other cultivation materials are sterilized with high-temperature steam at 120-150° C. and placed in a cultivation ecopot, the ecopot is hanged from such a balancing toy-like hanger as described in claim 6 vertically hanged from a shelf pole in the space below the shelf pole in a house, a bucket is disposed below the ecopot for receiving the drips of the excess culture solution and the orientation of the stem and leaves of the aerial part of the cultivated species is variable in all directions for ready exposure to the sunshine. 